Brian Phillips
Here is another article by Ron Whitten who is a lawyer turned course critic and knows his stuff. He has written for years for Golf Digest.
www.golfdigest.com
The Greens at Baltusrol..
What went wrong that Fourth of July weekend? Flaherty declined to discuss the circumstances, or his subsequent resignation, with Golf World. "I gave my word to the board when I left that I wouldn't publicly discuss the situation with anyone," Flaherty said. "I don't go back on my word, not six years later."
But in 1999, shortly after he submitted his resignation, Flaherty discussed the situation with Golfweek's Bradley Klein. He said he had been trying to see how dry he could keep the greens, as a "dress rehearsal" for the upcoming U.S. Amateur. "I pushed them one day too far," Flaherty said. "They fried. All it takes is one day."
That July, turfgrass consultants were called in. (Apparently, until Flaherty's admission of human error, club officials and experts weren't exactly sure what had caused the greens to die.) Flaherty then resigned, Baltusrol officials retained a headhunter and quickly conducted interviews for his replacement. They soon hired Kuhns, at the time a 44-year-old superintendent with nine years of experience at Oakmont CC and before that, 12 years at Laurel Valley GC. Both of those Pennsylvania clubs have predominantly Poa annua greens, so Kuhns was well-versed in keeping that turf alive and healthy.
"When I arrived for an interview, the place was a ghost town," recalls Kuhns. "Not only were there no golfers on either golf course, there were no cars in the parking lot, no members in the clubhouse. It was unreal."
Kuhns started on Sept. 27, 1999, confident he would have the greens ready for the U.S. Amateur the following August. He proposed seeding the new greens with A-4 bent grass, a tight, upright turf that would grow aggressively when mowed low and thus could compete successfully against future Poa annua infestation. Kuhns also proposed sod, the closest source of which came from a farm near Pittsburgh that had originally been established using plugs from Oakmont, plugs that were heavily Poa. So Baltusrol ended up with a lot of Poa annua in its newly renovated greens, literally the same Poa that Kuhns had dealt with at Oakmont.
To fight it, Kuhns conducted an intense aerification program--"punching" the greens with hollow tines, removing the plugs, then filling the holes with sand and A-4 bent seed. He aerified the greens 15 times between September 1999 and August 2000. (Normally, clubs aerify greens twice a year, in the fall and spring.) By the time of the U.S. Amateur, Baltusrol had fully established Poa/bent-grass greens. (Both the Lower and Upper were used during qualifying rounds, with match play contested on the Upper. That was not because of any weakness in the Lower's greens; the USGA always had intended the matches to be on the Upper.)
Kuhns admits no one can fully eradicate Poa from bent-grass greens except, perhaps, by digging out every plant and root by hand as it appears. Clubs normally combat it by encouraging aggressive growth of bent grass. (There are no commercial chemicals that will kill Poa without damaging bent. Growth retardants often are sprayed on greens in early spring to slow Poa-annua growth while bent grass is still dormant from the previous winter, but that is a stopgap measure.)
"When I arrived for an interview, the place was a ghost town ... no golfers ... no members in the clubhouse. It was unreal."
-- Mark Kuhns
In the past five years Kuhns has succeeded in having the bent grass in Baltusrol's greens push out the Poa. Today Baltusrol's greens are, on average, 70 percent A-4 bent, 30 percent Poa. They will make terrific putting surfaces for the PGA Championship, capable of being mowed tightly to produce a green speed of 12 on a Stimpmeter. Kuhns will water them sparingly as needed during the championship.
The trick, Kuhns says, is to live right on the edge. Not just during a championship, but at all times. "Keep the greens wet enough to stay alive, but also dry enough to stay alive," he says. Kuhns and one of his chief assistants, Scott Bosetti (who now holds the title of Superintendent of the Lower Course) offer two bits of advice to golfers who regularly play at courses with Poa in the greens.
First, learn to live with interruptions of play, five-minute delays while greens are "syringed" (lightly watered). A club should never soak greens Friday night to get them through till Monday, Kuhns says, although many clubs do so to protect weekend play. Overwatering encourages fungus. Likewise, in humid weather, Kuhns suggests not watering at night. The humidity will not allow the greens to breathe and give off water at night. Second, don't postpone fall aerification until after the club's Labor Day tournament. Aerify the greens in August, even though that is a prime month for golf. "Poa-annua seed germinates in the fall and grows in the soil over the winter," Bosetti explains. "Late fall aerifying will bring Poa seed to the surface. Since the cool September climate is perfect for Poa propagation, and the bent is usually going dormant, it's no contest. You'll be cultivating Poa annua, and that's what you'll have the following spring. It's the heat of August that allows bent grass to grow and dominate any Poa seedlings. So you've got to aerify and reseed in August, to give that bent grass the best chance to compete against Poa."
Kuhns admits an early schedule is a tough sell. It may seem easier to implement at a club like Baltusrol, which has more than one course, but Kuhns normally closes both the Lower and Upper at the same time each August to aerify all 36 greens as rapidly as possible.
This August is different, of course. But while the PGA Championship is being contested on Baltusrol Lower, workers will be busy aerifying the greens on the Upper. Within days after the championship concludes, they will then be punching holes in the greens of the Lower Course and reseeding them with more bent.
That's what it takes to keep Baltusrol's greens from dying again.
It's what we should all be doing to keep our own greens alive and healthy.